PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.